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Die Schrift und die Religion

Nachdem nun meine Überlegungen zur Entstehung der Sprache soweit gediehen sind, dass ich sie veröffentlichen konnte, kann ich mich auch wieder ein wenig dem Bloggen widmen. Gerade das Weihnachtsfest war ja für manchen willkommener Anlass, sich wieder einmal Fragen der Religion und des Glaubens zuzuwenden.Das ist ja auch schon ein Problem: Wie begeht man als Atheist oder als Andersgläubiger das Weihnachtsfest? Und was sag ich meinen Enkeln? Wann verstehen sie die Gedanken, die mich heute, da mein Leben sich seiner letzten Etappe nähert, im Zusammenhang mit diesem Fest bewegen?

Für mich ist die christliche Religion /1/ eine der größten intellektuellen Leistungen, welche die Menschheit vollbracht hat. Zum ersten Mal stellte sie die Frage nach der Gleichheit der Menschen. Im Postulat der prinzipiellen Gleichheit aller Menschen lag und liegt ihre intellektuelle Anziehungskraft, befriedigt doch dieses Postulat ein grundlegendes Erkenntnisbedürfnis aller Menschen.Die Größe des intellektuellen Anspruchs dieses Postulats wird allein schon dadurch deutlich, dass es bis heute nicht gelingt, dieses Postulat in unserem Handeln zu realisieren. Wie sonst wäre es möglich, dass nicht nur Atheisten Kriege führen, sondern dass Muslime auf Juden, Katholiken auf Protestanten schießen und das mit Waffen, die ihre Priester gesegnet haben? Aber auch die Hoffnung auf Aussöhnung und Frieden resultiert aus dem Gleichheitspostulat.Dazu passt, dass im Weltbild vieler religiöser Menschen nur Angehörige der eigenen Religion des Paradieses teilhaftig werden können und dass sogar beim Zählen der des Paradieses Würdigen nicht alle gleich behandelt werden. - So versuche ich zu Weihnachten, wenigstes meine Lieben in meinen Geschenken gleich zu behandeln.

Eine andere wenigstens ebenso große intellektuelle Leistung vollbrachten die Schöpfer der christlichen Religionen mit dem
monotheistischen Konstrukt eines nicht anschaubaren Gottes, von dem man sich kein Bild machen soll.Soweit mir bekannt, werden bis heute die Götter polytheistischer Religionen durch gestaltbare und dadurch anschaubare Bilder oder Skulpturen (Götzen) oder auch durch Naturerscheinungen dargestellt. Der Gott der christlichen Religionen ist dagegen abstrakt, er kann nicht angeschaut werden sondern kann nur gedacht, d.h. geglaubt werden.Mit diesem Konstrukt erreichte das menschliche Denken wohl erstmals theoretisches Niveau, d.h. das Niveau eines Denkens, dass sich vollständig von der Anschauung gelöst hat. Wie schwer diese Anforderung zu erfüllen war, geht für mich auch aus dem Umstand hervor, dass ein anschaubares Verbindungsglied zu diesem abstrakten Gott erforderlich wurde, das in dem Konstrukt des menschgewordenen Gottessohns realisiert wurde.Das Konstrukt eines nicht anschaubaren Gottes erforderte aber weiter die Erfindung einer dazu geeigneten Schrift.
Solange die Schrift Bilderschrift ist, kann die Idee eines nicht anschaubaren Gottes überhaupt nicht ausgedrückt werden, weil das Schriftzeichen für Gott nur ein Bild Gottes sein kann. Erst wenn Worte unmittelbar in
Buchstaben geschrieben werden können, sind auch Schriftzeichen für abstrakte Gedanken konstruierbar.Damit bin ich wieder beim Ausgangspunkt angelangt, der Entstehung von Sprache und Schrift. Das sind unzweifelhaft kulturelle Leistungen der Menschheit und nicht das Resultat biotischer Evolution. Nicht genetische Veränderungen des Gehirns bringen Sprache und Schrift hervor, sondern die Entwicklung der menschlichen Kultur durch die menschliche Tätigkeit.Merlin Donald, selbst Kognitionspsychologe, zeigt in seinem Buch „Triumph des Bewusstseins“, /2/ dass und warum die Entstehung und Entwicklung der Sprache nicht aus dem „solipsistischen Paradigma“ der Neurophysiologie verstanden werden kann, sondern dass die Herausbildung der Sprache nur aus der kollektiven Kultur der Menschen erklärbar ist.

Und wenn die Sprache nicht aus dem Gehirn erklärbar ist, dann ist sie auch nicht genetisch bestimmt, wie beispielsweise
Noam Chomsky oder Steven Pinker meinen. Und dann ist auch die Religion kein Resultat biotischer Evolution, wie Michael Blume in seinem Buch „Gott, Gene und Gehirn“ meint. Die christliche Religion ist intellektuelles Resultat der Entwicklung der menschlichen Kultur, in der ich lebe und die ich respektiere – auch durch die Art, in der ich als Atheist Weihnachten feiere.  

 /1/ Ich meine Religion, nicht aber das, was Kirchen daraus machen.
/2/ Donald, Merlin (2008): Triumph des Bewusstseins. Die Evolution des menschlichen Geistes, Klett - Cotta Verlagsgemeinschaft, Stuttgart
/3/Rüdiger Vaas, Michael Blume (2008) :Gott, Gene und Gehirn. Warum Glaube nützt. Die Evolution der Religiosität, Hirzel Verlag Stuttgart. 

Kategorie: Allgemein, Erkenntnis, Religion, Sprache

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